The Land of the Hornbills, Sarawak, is Malaysia’s largest state and has one of the country’s most ethnically diverse populations.

Stretching over 124,000sq km, Sarawak is a land of rainforests and mighty rivers in Borneo. Dayaks, who form more than 40% of the population, are made up mainly of the Ibans, Bidayuhs and Orang Ulu. The natives represent almost 30 ethnic sub-groups, each having its own colourful customs and culture.

The Bidayuh of Sarawak

Rich history

The state has a rich history and was under the rule of the White Rajahs for more than a century from the time James Brooke was appointed the first Rajah in 1841. When he died in 1868, his nephew Charles Brooke succeeded him.

Upon the death of Charles in 1917, his son Charles Vyner Brooke took over as Rajah. Vyner Brooke set up a state council in 1941 to oversee the passing of new laws and bring democracy to the state. However, the rule of the council was shortlived when the Japanese invaded it the same year.

After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, Sarawak came under Australian military administration. Vyner Brooke ceded it to Britain as a colony later, but this unpopular move resulted in the assassination of the Governor, Duncan Stewart, in 1949.

When order was restored, the colonial government prepared for Sarawak’s independence in 1963.

Natural Heritage

Sarawak, known at one time for its feared headhunters, is home to the famed Niah Great Caves in the northern region which served as a shelter for human life some 40,000 years ago.

The oldest human remains in South-east Asia have been unearthed in the cave, along with other relics of prehistoric man.

Then, there is the Mulu National Park – a natural wonder and heritage site. Some of the world’s most impressive caves lie here: Deer Cave (the world’s largest cave passage that can hold England’s St Paul’s Cathedral five times over), Sarawak Chamber (the world’s largest natural chamber that can accommodate 40 B747 aircraft with room to spare) and the Clearwater Cave (the longest cave in South-east Asia, at 107km).

The thousands of traditional Dayak longhouses, many in the interior, are a major tourist attraction, especially to foreigners.

Sarawak Cultural Village

Sarawak is truly a destination for those who love culture and nature, and who seek adventure. The state is recognised for its friendly and hospitable people, who live in harmony and unity while celebrating their diversity.